THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR Dynamics of emissions and levels of atmospheric air pollution by main pollutants in cities of Ukraine

An analysis of emissions and levels of atmospheric air pollution by the most common polluting substances (dust, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide) in the cities of Ukraine in which monitoring of the air pollution was performed in 1994-1998, has shown that emissions of polluting substances diminished. The monitoring data of pollution levels also testify to this fact. The main reason is a decrease in the production volumes of enterprises and the implementation of measures aimed at control and reduction of emissions ( Tables 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12).

In the course of the last five years a considerable decrease in dust emission has been observed in the cities of Ivano-Frankivsk (88%), Armyansk (85%), Kirovograd (78%), Vinnytsa (75%), Ternopil (73%), Alchevsk (58%), Mykolaiv (56%), Svitlovodsk (54%), Kremenchug (51%), Makiyivka (50%), Dniepropetrovsk (48%), Odesa (47%) and Yenakiyeve and Oleksandriya (44%).

The average annual concentration of dust over the last five years has also shown a tendency towards a decrease within a range of 5-60%. A considerable decrease in dust levels was observed in the cities of Donetsk (60%), Lugansk (50%), Makiyivka (48%), Svitlovodsk (40%), Kryvyi Rig (37%), Odesa (33%), Sumy (23%) and Kremenchug (20%). At the same time an increase of the average annual concentration of dust was observed in certain cities, among them Dnieprodzerzhynsk (71%), Mariupol (50%), Krasnoperekopsk (26%) and Uzhgorod (17%).

Emissions of nitrogen oxides (total emission of NO and NO2) into the atmospheric air for 1994-1998 decreased within a range of 6-72%. Emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased considerably in the cites of Slovyansk (72%), Izmail (65%), Kerch (64%), Mykolaiv (54%), Armyansk, Kramatorsk (49%), Bila Tserkva (47%), Ivano-Frankivsk (46%), Krasnoperekopsk (46%) and Gorlivka (42%).

The average annual concentration of emissions of nitrogen dioxides into the atmospheric air decreased within a range of 9-50% over the last five years. The levels of nitrogen dioxides have diminished considerably in the cities of Kerch (50%), Alchevsk (43%), Donetsk (33%) and Odesa (22%). At the same time the average annual concentration of nitrogen dioxides has increased considerably in Dniepropetrovsk (50%), Zhytomyr (38%), Rivne (33%), Yalta, Dnieprodzerzhynsk (29%) and Lutsk, Sumy and Uzhgorod (25%).

 Emissions of sulphur dioxide into the atmospheric air declined in the period 1994-1998. Such emissions decreased to a great extent in the cites of Gorlivka (73%) and Yenakiyeve (47%).

During the last five years the average annual concentration of sulphur dioxide has shown a tendency towards a decrease. So, in 1998 it exceeded the maximum permissible concentration only in three cities of Ukraine. At the same time the levels of sulphur dioxide increased in the city of Dzerzhynsk (55%).

Emissions of carbon monoxide into the atmospheric air diminished for the period 1994-1998. Emissions decreased significantly in the cities of Gorlivka (65%), Yenakiyeve (46%) and Rubizhne (46%).

The average annual concentration of carbon oxides during the last five years has shown a tendency towards a rise (25-41%). The levels of carbon oxides have increased considerably in the cities of Armyansk (41%) and Odesa (36%).

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