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On the
municipal territory there are about 300 enterprises and
organizations that in its scientific and owner's
activity use ionizing radiant (DIV) and generating
devices. Besides that, in Pirogovo there is a Kyiv state
inter-regional special centre for deposit into land of
radio-active wastes.
The State Kyiv Department of Ecological
Protection in according to Ukraine Laws "Upon using
of nuclear power and radiation safety" and
"Upon using of radio-active wastes" and
according to the order of the Ministry of Environmental
Protection and Nuclear Safety ( 23.05.97, No.71),
implement statements consideration and licences delivery
on activity with DIV and on supervision for observance
by licenciants of norms, regulations, radiation safety
standards, conditions and permitted activity
regulations.
While considerating of declared
documents it is turned out that the main problem of
radiation safety is a reattestation problem or DIV
deposit into land with exhausted passport service term
of great isotopes of great vitality .
During the USSR times these ionizing
radiant after operating termination returned on
enterprises produced them, to Russia. Now Russia
renounces to take back the used DIV.
In 1997 there are 13 inspection checks
of enterprises for observing of regulations and norms of
radiation safety while using of DIV.
The checks result was exposure of a
series of violations, 74 instructions on their removal
were done.
The most typical violations of
radiation safety (NRB) are the followings:
- lack of special permission (licences)
for realization of activity with DIV;
- exhausted passport service term of
DIV.
Periodicity of checks at the
enterprises and organizations depends on state of
radiation safety, disposition of revealed violations,
DIV amounts and quality, methods and scopes of
works.
Independently from departmental
belonging, all of urban organizations and enterprises
pass on radio-active wastes (RV) to the Kyiv state union
centre "Radon" (KDMSK).
The result of imperfect construction of
old RV storage, the projects of which were developed at
the end of 50th, is the pollution of underground waters
by radio nuclides of tritium out of the
storages.
A concentration of tritium in
underground waters in "polluted" storage zone
in December 1997 was 702 Êbê/l, that 5 times
exceeds admissible concentrations for category
"B"(DÊb = 148 Êbê/l). In 1997 at
the storag es
arrangements are taken as for insulation of operating
and preserved storages from atmospheric
precipitation.
In 1997 on the Kyiv territory five
radiation incidents took place. They were connected with
transportation of radioactive polluted scrap metal and
deposit to land waste outputs with radio nuclede of
plutonium. The incidentes liquidated by storage workers
by the participation of the State Kyiv Department of
Ecological Protection.
Radiation situation in Kyiv is
characterized not only by irradiation associated with
using of DIV, by generating devices and by natural
radiation background factor. It is also characterized by
technogenic radio-active pollution connected with
Chornobyl disaster.
In 1997 and in the last 3-4 years, in
Kyiv an expositional gamma-radiation dose is 10-18 mcR a
year. Sharp oscillations and high indexes exceeding the
control levels in atmospheric air and on soils surface
within the town are not fixed.
The main contribution in expositional
dose power is made by such radio nuclides as
caesium-137, strontium-90, americium-241 and plutonium
nuclides complex. They are distributed evenly in soils.
Their contents is 0,3 - 1,0 cu/km2
However on the municipal territory
there are a few regions with anomalous radio nuclide
contents values up to 3,0 - 3,6
cu/km2.
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