The industrial and social and
economic development of the Ukrainian capital
characterizes by high rates. During the post-war
period there were brought into action
contributed the mains production funds of any
amount of billions ten karbovanetses that
implemented and an industrial production volume
increases 30 times against 1940.
It is necessary to say a few
words about structure of industrial production
of Kyov. The goods production is formed by (data
of 1989): machine-building and metal-working
industry is 47%, chemistry and oil chemistry is
7,7%, light industry is 17,4%, food - 12,5% and
other industry sectors-15,4%.Kyiv products the
same year 100% of motor-cycles production, 40% -
tape-recorders, 11% - scoop shovels, 16,7% -
chemical fibres and 26,2% chemical plants
protection methods.
Namely the structure of
industrial production largely conditions the
levels of technogenic pressures on the natural
environment and disposition of its pollution,
composition of contaminating matters and,
finally, the natural capacity of public
production. Improvement of this structure can be
lead to essential decrease of economic pressure
on the urban ecological system.
Emissions into atmosphere from
industrial and power units do an enormous damage
to the natural environment and human health. In
1991 inappreciable damage emissions from
stationary sources reached 64,3 thousand tons
(growth against the previous year almost 10
thousand tons), and from movable means - 172,2
thousand tons (decrease on 46 thousand tons),
that was equal almost 100 kg a year for a
habitant. From total amount, harmful emissions
for a habitant are followings: a sulphureous
anhydride is 9,4 kg, nitrogen oxides are 12 kg,
oxides of carbon is 56,3 kg and extraordinarily
dangerous lead is 10 gr.
Emissions from stationary
pollution sources stipulate by presence more
than 700 industrial enterprises of different
industries that have 24 thousand organized
emission sources. The main pollutants of
atmospheric air in the town are the enterprises
stationed in Kharkovskii and Vatutinskii
regions, that have accordingly 47,1% and 35,9%
of total emissions from stationary sources.
During last years there was a
tendency to decreasing emissions volumes of
pollution matters, that first of all is
connected with decrease of production
volumes.
Amount of harmful emissions
into the natural environment depends on
disposition and specialization of production ,
on presence of treatment facilities,
effectiveness of their work. So in Vatutinskii
region there are only 2% total amount of
enterprises polluted atmospheric air by
emissions. However they have almost one third of
inappreciable emissions ( upon the data of the
municipal statistic department).
Researches of scientific
organizations of medical profile, confirm the
straight connection between worsening of
ecological situation in Kyiv and the habitants
health state. For example, a children health
state analysis that live in 11 town
micro-regions with different disposition and
pollution degree of environment, testifies that
in regions, adjoining big industrial enterprises
and units, there is a considerably higher
morbidity level of circulation of the blood
system , digestion organs and endocrine system.
Growths of circulation of the blood and
breathing systems diseases are related chiefly
to emissions of carbon bisulphide into
atmosphere . The main air pollution sources by
this gas in the town there is TETS and VO
"Khimvolokno".
Emissions from industrial
enterprises and power units, exhaust cars gases
do big damage not only to human health, and to
urban economy, to historic architectural and
cultural monuments of Kyiv. The chemically
aggressive elements and combinations, that are
contained in these emissions, cause a
destruction of industrial buildings,
dwelling-houses, architecture monuments, too. At
the same time, there are the processes of
corrosive destruction of metallic constructions,
bridges, cable networks, metallic roof,
electricity transmissions lines, trams and
railway gauges; the tinted facades and buildings
lose an aesthetic look.
The most of enterprises
decreased its emissions through the work
instability and production volumes fall , though
89 ones increased them on 4,868 thousand
tons.
27 enterprises make in its
production use of ozone destroying
matters.
