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Table 3.31. Forest areas damaged by insects and diseases in Ukraine in 1993-1998 (hectares)

Indices

Years

  1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
1. Areas damaged by insects and diseases at the beginning of the period described in total including: 393613 439096 444821 422916 398362 371813
Insects 171416 198635 210168 183288 163094 173019
including leaf and needle eaters 135074 164937 175141 144319 124914 142107
Diseases 222197 240461 234653 239628 235268 198794
Including pine fungus 179928 187013 189864 191664 189551 161295
2. New areas damaged by insects and diseases in total 165023 132161 127031 101576 109510 108820
Insects 119452 107428 99066 78989 109510 96207
Including leaf and needle eaters 95948 102241 87140 68968 101711 92080
Diseases 45571 24733 279661 22586 24360 12613
Including pine fungus 17417 17498 15448 10353 8097 4263
3. Eradicated by protective actions in total 89454 111228 108195 89023 87448 63745
Insects 62029 79361 86211 69944 661183 47486
Including leaf and needle eaters 58416 75473 79440 56703 58588 42880
Diseases 27435 31867 21984 26079 21265 16259
Including pine fungus 11262 15679 12395 12611 9398 5440
4. Total area of damaged territories at the end of observation period 438352 437885 420470 396125 418314 384113
Insects 198595 204909 183032 161609 182563 189670
including leaf and needle eaters 164923 170640 144303 123623 148684 162206
Diseases 239757 239776 237438 234516 235751 194443
including pine fungus 186305 188764 191680 189304 187304 159873
5. Damaged areas which need to be protected at the end of observation period 255317 230845 243801 210685 230327 185689
Insects 113113 114521 114189 75104 100885 86076
including leaf and needle eaters 90354 89976 88293 51629 83900 80620
Diseases 142204 116324 129612 135581 129442 99613
Including pine fungus 104765 99891 100004 102643 98394 72487
Areas protected against insects and diseases including 236846 259687 289596 247318 218910 133995
Biological methods including 190221 196707 228514 199142 175619 109798
Aviation methods by biological preparations 13832 11078 20164 3296 6119 913
Chemical methods 46625 62980 61082 48176 43291 24197
including aviation methods by chemicals 9563 22431 10630 14602 27546 9662